YUV

Is a color model used in the PAL television standard and in image compression. It represents color information using two components.
On the one hand the brightness signal Y, also called luminance, and on the other hand with the help of the chrominance, which in turn consists of two components, the color difference signals U and V.
In the YUV color model, the two components with low resolution and the luminance signal, which has a high bandwidth, are mixed together.
The development of this YUV color model became necessary when color televisions came onto the market. A way was sought to be able to transmit color information in addition to the black/white signal.
A downward compatibility with the old black and white televisions should be created without having to increase the existing data transmission rate.
For this reason, in the YUV color model, the brightness signal Y transmits the two components of the color information U and V with its entire bandwidth, but in a much smaller bandwidth.