Berlin

Basic data:

Universities:

Berlin: Free University of Berlin
Technical University of Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
University of the Arts

Geography:

Berlin is located in a landscape shaped by the Ice Age in the Warsaw-Berlin glacial valley between the Barnim and Teltow plateaus. In the middle of the city, the Spree, which flows into the Havel in Spandau, divides into several branches. A number of lakes such as the Great Müggelsee, Wannsee, the Havelsee and the Grunewaldsee have been preserved as relics of the Ice Age landscape design, which form the natural prerequisites for recreation areas close to the city.

The surrounding area is rich in forests, especially pine forests. The highest point in the city is the Große Müggelberg at 115.4 m above sea level. NN is in the district of Treptow-Köpenick. The deepest areas of Berlin are the Havel lakes in the southwest at 32 m above sea level.

Climate:

Berlin is located in the temperate climate zone. The warmest month is July at 18.5 °C, the coldest month is February at -0.3 °C. The rainiest month is July with an average of 70 mm, while March has the least rain with an average of 31 mm. The climate in the city is relatively homogeneous due to the small differences in altitude.

history:

The oldest part of today\'s Berlin is Cölln, a long-distance trading settlement that developed on the Spree island and was first mentioned in 1237. At the same time, several settlements developed around the castles of Köpenick and Spandau. In 1244 Berlin was mentioned, which was located on the northern bank of the Spree.

Berlin and Cölln quickly grew together to form a twin city. As early as 1307 they had a common town hall. In the 14th century Berlin became a member of the Hanseatic League. After the city became the residence of the Brandenburg margraves and electors in 1451, it lost its status as a free Hanseatic city.

Berlin only recovered from the devastating consequences of the Thirty Years\' War with Friedrich Wilhelm, who, with his policy of immigration and religious tolerance, brought an upswing to the city after 1685 through the population growth of expelled Huguenots. Already in the following year the suburbs Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt were founded.

With the coronation of Frederick I as King of Prussia in 1701, Berlin received the status of the capital. On January 1, 1710, the cities of (Old) Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichstadt were united to form the royal capital and residence city of Berlin.

After the March Revolution, Berlin became the capital of the newly founded German Empire in 1871. In 1920 Greater Berlin came into being with the surrounding towns and villages.

After the end of the Second World War, Berlin was divided into four sectors by the occupying powers and placed under four-power administration. Increasing political differences between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union led to an economic blockade of West Berlin in 1948/49, which the Western Allies overcame with the so-called airlift.

The result was the separation of East and West Berlin. East Berlin became the capital and seat of government of the newly founded German Democratic Republic in 1949. The 1950 constitution designated Berlin (West) as a state of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 1961 the wall separating the two parts of the city was built. The 1950 constitution designated Berlin (West) as a state of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Under pressure from the East German population, political change came in 1989 and the Berlin Wall fell.Just one year later, the two German states united to form the Federal Republic of Germany. Berlin became the German capital as a result of the Unification Treaty. In 1991, after controversial public debate, the Bundestag decided that the city should once again be the seat of the German federal government. On September 1, 1999, the government and parliament began their work in Berlin.