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Lena
| The Lena is a river in northeastern Siberia in Russia. The Lena rises in the Baikal Mountains and flows into the Laptev Sea with a large delta. The river is covered with ice 6 to 7 months a year and is navigable from Ust-Kut to Tixi. | ||||||||||||||
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| Source and course of the river: | ||||||||||||||
| The Lena rises in the Baikal Mountains about 5 km west of Lake Baikal. From its source flows the
Current in a westerly direction to Katschug, then to the north or north-east. From the area at Ust-Kut is the Lena
navigable, then it reaches the Central Siberian highlands and flows parallel to the Lower Tunguska for a while. here
The Kirenga, which also has its source in the immediate vicinity of Lake Baikal, flows into the Lena near Kirensk. After that you flow
the Witim coming from the south, shortly afterwards the Lena makes a right curve around the Patomhochland. From there flows
to the east, where it takes up the water of the Oljokma flowing in from the south and then reaches Yakutsk. Here kick
the Lena enters the spacious Central Yakutian lowlands.
About 300 km below Yakutsk are the Lena Rocks, which are about 80 km long along the eastern shore spread. In the Central Yakutian lowlands, the Lena first flows into the Aldan from the east, and then into the Wiljui from the west. Here the Lena flows north between the Verkhoyansk Mountains and the Central Siberian Highlands. Finally he reaches After flowing through this branched river system, the Lena reaches the Laptev Sea. |
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| Traffic: | ||||||||||||||
| The Lena is mostly frozen from October to June and the ice is used as a road. with
When the thaw begins, the Lena turns into a raging torrent, taking everything with it and rising up to 25 m.
The ice jams have devastating effects here, as a result of which in May 2001 u. a. the city of Lensk was devastated.
When there is no ice, the Lena is navigable from Ust-Kut to its estuary delta over a distance of 3,500 km.
The Lena is the main traffic artery of Yakutia and since the construction of the railway branch from the Trans-Siberian Railway at Taišet to the river port of Ust'-Kut, the most important connecting route between the Trans-Siberian Railway and the sea route across the Arctic Ocean. In 1985, 13 million tons of cargo were transported in the Lena Basin. |
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| history: | ||||||||||||||
| Archaeological finds from the Neolithic prove an early settlement of the Lena region.
In the 13th to 14th centuries the Yakuts immigrated and made a living from reindeer herding or fishing. The Russians
(Fur traders and trappers) entered the Lena area at the beginning of the 17th century. Founded in 1632 by
Russian merchant families hired Cossack troops to build the ostrog (Cossack fortress) of Yakutsk, a military and trading base
as well as base camp for food supplies. From here Siberia was further developed in a north-easterly direction. main drive
was the wealth of fur in the region, the most valuable hunted prey was the sable, which was already in the area towards the end of the 17th century
from Yakutsk had become a rarity. Gold was discovered in the region in the 19th century, and from 1860 the focus was on the Lena fields
of Russian gold mining.Pollutant discharges lead to heavy pollution of the Lena ecosystem.
The Russians who had moved in were made up of Cossacks, merchants, peasants who had escaped from serfdom and exiled forced labourers together. The latter were deliberately used to settle the sparsely populated areas of Siberia and to provide labor for mining of mineral resources used. The Lena area was considered a penal colony for serious criminals, including many political exiles. In 1862 the percentage of exiles in the population of Yakutsk was 20%. On April 4th, 1912, the Russian revolutionary movement an important impetus through the so-called. Lena massacre. In the second half of the 20th century, many young workers migrated from the European part of Russia and the other former ones Union republics to the resource mining areas of the Lena region. They surpassed the Yakuts in numbers and made up a population share in 1990 from 60%. Only as a result of the large return migration of Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians since the late 1980s did the Yakuts at the most recent census in 2002 with a share of 45.5% again the largest population group, the Russians made 41.2% of the population the end. There are few points of contact between Russians and Yakuts, since the Russians are mostly in the cities and the Yakuts are mostly in the countryside Life. Other native northern peoples such as the Evenks, Evens and Chukchi make up only about 4% of the population. |
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