Eye surgery

The surgical methods in ophthalmology are now very diverse and extensive. They are mainly used to treat diseases or to correct the vision of the eye.

• Cataract Surgery:
  Cataract surgery is an operation to remove the so-called cataract. Here the clouded eye lens is replaced by an artificial lens. There are several ways to perform this operation. One possibility is the intracapsular cataract extraction, this method is only used very rarely. This will remove the defective lens including the capsule. An artificial lens is not used instead. Another option is the extracapsular cataract extraction, in which the lens capsules are left in the intended place and an artificial lens is then clamped into them.
  
  
• Glaucoma Operations:
  Glaucoma surgery is used to remove the so-called green star. Depending on the type of disease, either the intraocular pressure is reduced or the aqueous humor circulation is improved. There are several ways to perform this operation. One way to correct this error is the so-called goniotomy, here the tissue in the final area of ??the aqueous humor is incised to improve drainage. Another option is iridotomy, in which a flow opening is created in the iris to improve aqueous humor circulation. The trabeculotomy is also a possibility to remove the glaucoma, here the trabecular meshwork is incised, which improves the drainage of aqueous humor. In cyclodestructive disease, part of the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor is destroyed. The trabeculoplasty is the last possibility, here the meshwork in the outflow area of ??the aqueous humor is stretched, but this method is only effective for a few months.
  
  
• Refractive Surgery:
  Refractive surgery is used to eliminate errors in the refraction of the eye. There are various intervention options here.
  • Automated lamellar keratoplasty (ALK)
  • keratomileusis
  • Epikeratophakia
  • Hexagonal keratotomy (HK)
  • Anterior ciliary sclerotomy (ACS)
  • Radial Keratotomy (RK)
  • Corneal Ring Segments (Intacs)
  • Conductive Keratoplasty (CK)
  • Implantable artificial lenses
  • Scleral expansion ligaments
  • Limbal Relaxing Incision (LRI)
  • Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (LTK)
  • Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
  • Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
    
    
• Corneal Surgery:
  The tasks of corneal surgery include the following areas.
  • Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK) - This is a corneal transplant in which the cornea is replaced.
  • Lamellar keratoplasty - Here only one layer of the cornea is replaced.
  • Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) - Opaque corneal tissue is vaporized using a laser.
  • Keratoprosthesis - insertion of an artificial corneal replacement
  • Pterygium removal - pruning of the protruding tissue
    
    
• Vitreous and retinal surgery:
  Vitreous and retinal surgery serves various purposes and is divided into the following areas. The vitrectomy is used to remove the vitreous body completely if possible. The targeted placement of retinal scars serves to improve adhesion or to reduce the need for oxygen and nutrients and is also part of vitreous surgery. The indenting operation, in turn, is used to indent the sclera from the outside, this is used, for example, to close a hole in the retina. Other retinal surgeries include retinal rotation and sclerochoroidectomy.
  
  
• Strabismus Surgery:
  Strabismus surgery is used to correct squinting or eye tremors. Various methods are used for this.
  • Change in muscle pull direction
  • Change in eyeball position
  • Change in Excursion Ability
  • Change in roll-off distance
  • Change in muscle strength
  Both non-paretic and paretic strabismus can be corrected with the help of strabismus surgery.
  
  
• Oculoplasty:
  Oculoplasty is mainly used for blepharoplasty, which is responsible for correcting the lid skin or lid position. In addition, the removal of the eyeball is one of the tasks of oculoplasty. A distinction is made here between three different types.
  • Exenteration - Complete removal of the eye and orbital contents including muscle, fat and connective tissue.
  • Enucleation - Removing the eyeball but leaving the muscle and remaining orbital contents.
  • Evisceration - Removal of the eyeball but leaving the sclera intact.