Stuttgart

Basic data:

Geography:

The core city of Stuttgart is located in a valley extension of the Nesenbach, which flows into the Neckar and its tributaries, the so-called "Stuttgarter Kessel". It is framed with "hanging and vines". The northern parts of the city extend into the Neckar basin, the western part extends into the Glemswald and the Gäu, the eastern part extends to the foothills of the Schurwald and the southern part of the city extends to the Filder plain and the foothills of the Schönbuch. The Neckar enters the city of Stuttgart in the city districts of Hedelfingen and Obertürkheim and leaves it again in the north-east in the city district of Mühlhausen.

The highest point of the city is on the Bernhartshöhe with 549 m above sea level, the lowest is at the Neckarschleuse Hofen 207 m above sea level. The greatest extension of the urban area is 19.4 km in a north-south direction and 20.4 km in an east-west direction.

Climate:

Due to its valley location, Stuttgart has a very warm and sometimes humid climate. In summer, the city often suffers from so-called inversion weather conditions. The colder air over the warm air in the valley basin and thus prevents an exchange of air in the valley basin. This also prevents cooling at night on very hot days.

In order to supply the urban area with enough fresh air, many places on the hillsides, such as in Stuttgart-West, are undeveloped and serve as fresh air aisles. In the west, the "red and black deer park" located at a higher level in the city center serves as a source of fresh air.

Average precipitation is highest in June at 96 mm/year and lowest in March at 38 mm/year. The hottest month is July with an average of 18.8°C, the coldest month is January with an average of 1.3°C.

City structure:

Districts with 149 districts

history:

As its name suggests, Stuttgart was founded from a stud farm ("Stuotgarten"), which Duke Liudolf of Swabia established according to tradition in 950 AD in the valley extension of the Nesenbach. The settlement that then developed stood for centuries in the shadow of Cannstatt, the site of the largest and most important Roman fort in the central Neckar region. In a document from 1229 by Pope Gregory IX, Stuttgart was first mentioned as a place name. In the first half of the 13th century, the town was elevated to the status of a town by the Margrave of Baden, but it was given to the Counts of Württemberg as a dowry. In the 14th century it was expanded to become the center of the County of Württemberg.

Eberhard I had Stuttgart expanded into his residence. The city wall and fortifications were renewed, the stately (old) castle was rebuilt or rebuilt, as was the neighboring (today`s collegiate) church. By papal order, the bishop of Constance detached it from the mother church of St. Martin on the Altenburg (Cannstatt) and incorporated it into the canons` monastery, which the count had relocated in 1320, together with the family grave, from Beutelsbach to Stuttgart.

At that time, viticulture and crafts were the economic basis of the city. The city extended from today`s Königstrasse, Eberhardstrasse, Karlstrasse to Planie.

After the partition of Württemberg by Counts Ludwig I and Ulrich V, Stuttgart initially became the capital of both parts of the country. In the revised partition treaty of 1442, it was added to Ulrich. Around 1450 Ulrich ordered the mint building on the market, the Count`s manor house (manorial courthouse and department store), and in 1456/58 the town hall next to it.The collegiate church has been remodeled and expanded since 1436, and the Leonhard chapel was replaced by a three-aisled complex. In 1473 Ulrich founded a Dominican monastery, which was used as a hospital after the Reformation (remains of the monastery church, today the hospital church, are still preserved). The main builders of all three churches were Hänslin and Aberlin Jörg. In the "Münsinger Treaty" of 1482, Stuttgart was officially declared the capital and residential city of the reunified state of Württemberg; In 1483 Eberhard im Bart moved his residence from Urach to Stuttgart.

During Ulrich`s reign, the mint building on the market was built around 1450, the count`s manor house (manorial courthouse and department store), and in 1456/58 the town hall next to it. The collegiate church has been remodeled and expanded since 1436, and the Leonhard chapel was replaced by a three-aisled complex.

After the unification of the state of Württemberg in 1482, Stuttgart officially became the capital and residential city. In 1483 Eberhard im Bart moved his residence from Urach to Stuttgart.

The next centuries, in which Stuttgart also fell to the Austrians, were characterized by political and economic discontinuity. Depending on the reign, gloomy times followed. The city was also severely tested during the Thirty Years` War.

The legacy of the changing regiment can not only be seen in the buildings in Stuttgart. The annually celebrated Cannstatter Volksfest was donated to the citizens in 1818 by King Wilhelm. The Wilhelma was built from 1842 - 1853 for King Wilhelm I of Württemberg.

In the first half of the 19th century the face of the city changed. Gradually it rose from the royal residence to an industrial city.

With the unification of the upper administrative city of Cannstatt with the residential city of Stuttgart on April 1, 1905, Stuttgart gradually rose from being a royal residence to an industrial city.

Men like Gottlieb Daimler and Robert Bosch introduced a new era in the history of technology and thus in the development of Stuttgart. As early as 1885, Gottlieb Daimler was the first motorcycle in the world to drive through Cannstatt with the "Reitwagen". A year later, Daimler`s motorized carriage with a built-in grandfather clock drove from Cannstatt to Untertürkheim, and in 1887 Gottlieb Daimler had the world`s first motorized tramway run between Kursaal and Wilhelmsplatz.

During the Second World War, the city lost more than half of its buildings in several air raids. During the reconstruction, historical constructions, especially on the formerly famous Stuttgart market square, were largely dispensed with in favor of the idea of ??creating a car-friendly metropolis for the 20th century.

Large parts of the ruins of the city therefore came to the rubble mountain Birkenkopf. After rapid reconstruction and the rapid increase in economic power, Stuttgart became the state capital of Baden-Württemberg in 1952.

Between 1954 and 1955 the city`s most well-known landmark, the Stuttgart television tower, was built. It was made of reinforced concrete as the first television tower of its kind. Its height is 216.61 meters.

On October 1, 1978, the S-Bahn in Stuttgart began scheduled operations on three routes. On March 9, 1984, the New State Gallery, planned by James Stirling, the first extension to the Old State Gallery, was inaugurated.

In 1993, Stuttgart hosted the International Horticultural Exhibition and in 2006 one of the venues for the soccer World Cup. The Carl Benz Center, an event center on the Cannstatter Wasen with around 20,000 square meters of floor space, also opened its doors in the same year.

Sights: