Osnabrueck in Geography,Continents,Europe,States,Germany,Cities | lexolino.com

Osnabrueck

Basic data:

Population:: 163.020 (12/31/2006)
Area: 119.80 km²
State: Lower Saxony
Administrative district: -
Circle: district-free city of Osnabrück

Geography:

Osnabrück lies on the bank of the Hase River, which has its source in the south-east of the Teutoburg Forest. The city is located in the middle of the "Osnabrücker Hügelland" between the ridges of the Wiehengebirge in the north and the Teutoburg Forest (whose old name is Osning) in the south.

The highest point in the city is on the Piesberg at 190 m above sea level. NN, the lowest point at the River Hase in Pye is 54 m above sea level. NN.

Climate:

January is the coldest month with 1.8°C, the warmest month is July with 17.6°C. The month with the most precipitation is December with 90 mm, the least precipitation falls in April with 50 mm.

City structure:

23 districts

history:

The name Osnabrück probably originated from a combination of the Low German words "Ossen" (ox) and "Brügge" (bridge) as "Ossenbrügge", which became Osnabrück in High German. According to another interpretation, the name should derive from the Germanic name of the hare, Germanic "Osna" or "Osen", with reference to Asen - and thus perhaps bridge of the Aesir, bridge to the Aesen or simply bridge over the hare (Osna).

Osnabrück came into being around 780 as a market place around the mission district founded by Charlemagne, which twenty years later elevated to the status of a bishopric. The Osnabrück cathedral district, later Domburg, was first mentioned in a document in 851 as "Monasterium Osnabrugga". This included a church, the bishop's court (cathedral chapter) and a school.

In 1002, Heinrich II granted the up-and-coming settlement market, coinage and customs rights. The construction of today's Osnabrück Cathedral began in 1100. Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa gave Osnabrück its own judicial district in 1171, making it a city. The self-government of the municipality and its civil freedom began hesitantly. Since 1217, the city has used its own seal with today's coat of arms.

To protect their trade, the three bishoprics of Münster, Osnabrück and Minden formed an alliance in 1246. This treaty laid one of the foundations for the later Westphalian League of Towns, which merged into the Hanseatic League in the 14th century. Thanks to this contract, Osnabrück later became a member of the Hanseatic League.

In 1307 the old town and new town merged and in 1348 they gave themselves a common constitution, the Sate. It is the origin of Handgiftentag, which is still celebrated every year today.

At the time of the first city constitution, the Laischaft came into being, a self-governing organization that did not have direct representation in the councils, but was involved in the annual appointment of the councilors and was responsible for the court, military, security, firefighting and tax systems were until modern times. To this day, the Heger Laischaft and the Herrenteich Laischaft still exist in Osnabrück.

With its uniformity strengthened in this way, the influence of the Hanseatic city is increasing both politically, militarily and economically. Until 1803, however, both cities remained largely independent.

At the beginning of the 15th century, Osnabrück had developed into the main trading center for house linen in north-west Germany thanks to the Osnabrücker Legge. The current town hall was built between 1487 and 1512.

As in many other cities, the witch hunt raged in Osnabrück. It peaked in the city in 1583 when 121 women were burned as witches within three months.

During the Thirty Years' War, Osnabrück, along with Münster, was chosen to be the neutral location for negotiations to end the Thirty Years' War.Ambassadors from almost all European countries soon turned up and began negotiations in the Friedenssaal of Osnabrück town hall. Finally, on October 25, 1648, the "Peace of Westphalia" came, the end of the Thirty Years' War, which was announced by the Osnabrück town hall.

In 1667, Ernst August I of Brunswick-Lüneburg ordered the construction of Osnabrück Castle, which was completed in 1680.

Until secularization, the denomination of the prince-bishop changed after the death of the incumbent (regulated in the so-called "Capitulatio Perpetua" of 1650). Thus, Catholic and Protestant prince bishops (from the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg) replaced each other as rulers. The religious affiliation of the subjects remained unaffected. The Bishopric of Osnabrück thus became the first denominational parity state in what is now Germany

The prince bishopric was abolished by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803. In the same year, French troops occupied the city for three years, after which it belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia for a short time before it came to the newly founded Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807. Finally, Osnabrück, together with the Kingdom of Hanover, became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 and became the seat of the Osnabrück district in 1885.

With industrialization, the population increased fivefold from over 10,000 in 1817 to more than 50,000 in 1900. The development of the railway junction, which required a large workforce, had a major impact on this. In 1855 the first railway line ran through Osnabrück and in 1895 the city opened its main station.

When the first ship called at the completed Osnabrück canal port in 1916, the connection to the German waterway network was completed.

After the end of the German Empire in 1918, a workers' and soldiers' council was formed in Osnabrück. The population of the city of Osnabrück exceeded the limit of 100,000 in 1940, making Osnabrück a big city.

At the end of the Second World War, 68.5 percent of Osnabrück was destroyed, and 85 percent of the city center. The Bakker-Schut Plan envisaged the city being annexed by the Netherlands, but this did not happen due to opposition from the US and Great Britain. In 1947 the city was incorporated into the state of Lower Saxony.

On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the proclamation of the Peace of Westphalia in 1948 the town hall, which was destroyed in the Second World War, was ceremoniously reopened.

As in many cities, the city was rebuilt under the criteria of a car-friendly city. This concept also includes the closure of the Osnabrück tramway in 1960 and the city bus service that took its place with a generous network of routes and the pedestrian tunnel on Neumarkt.

In 1971 Osnabrück founded the University of Applied Sciences and three years later the new university began teaching.

With the local government reform in 1977, Osnabrück lost its status as a government district with the creation of the Weser-Ems government district based in Oldenburg.

In 1980 the city and diocese celebrated their 1200th anniversary and commemorated the founding by Charlemagne in 780.

The Felix-Nussbaum-Haus opened in June 1998. The museum contains the world's most comprehensive collection of the Osnabrück artist Felix Nussbaum. The museum was built according to a design by the renowned American architect Daniel Libeskind as an extension of the Osnabrück Museum of Cultural History.

In 2000, the city of Osnabrück was the external location of the world exhibition EXPO. In 2006, the city hosted the 26th International Hanseatic Days. From May 21 to 25, 2008, Osnabrück was the venue for the 97th German Catholic Day.

Sights:

City Hall Felix-Nussbaum-Haus
Cultural History Museum
Dominican Church
Castle
City of "Stone Works"
Ledenhof
St. Peter's Cathedral
Heger Tor
Museum of Industrial Culture
Kalkriese Museum and Park

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